{"id":570249,"date":"2026-07-26T23:01:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T16:01:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=570249"},"modified":"2026-07-27T10:22:00","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T03:22:00","slug":"luc-lap-la-gi-cau-tao-chuc-nang-quang-hop-va-so-sanh-ti-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/luc-lap-la-gi-cau-tao-chuc-nang-quang-hop-va-so-sanh-ti-the\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ti th\u1ec3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p \u2013 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/strong> Ch\u00ednh l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn oxi cho kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 10 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng. Trong n\u1ed9i dung d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p di\u1ec5n ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00ec sao l\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u1edbi ti th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0o quan c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng bao b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o. B\u00ean trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9a s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c (chlorophyll) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c \u0103n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt d\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt).<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1p th\u1ec3 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p, t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1edbp m\u00f4 gi\u1eadu c\u1ee7a l\u00e1 \u2013 n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. V\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng sinh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 (thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng sinh), \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u00ec sao l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang gi\u1ed1ng vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570686\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-3.jpg\" alt=\"luc-lap-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00fai d\u1eb9t tilac\u00f4it. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>M\u00e0ng k\u00e9p:<\/strong> g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng trong bao b\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n (str\u00f4ma):<\/strong> kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng b\u00ean trong, ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c enzim, ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra pha t\u1ed1i (chu tr\u00ecnh Canvin) c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00fai d\u1eb9t (tilac\u00f4it):<\/strong> c\u00e1c t\u00fai d\u1eb9t ch\u1ee9a di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c, x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ch\u1ed3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 grana; m\u00e0ng tilac\u00f4it l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra pha s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a quang h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang m\u00e0 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n pr\u00f4t\u00eain v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ti th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0o quan.<\/p>\n<h2>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (gluc\u00f4z\u01a1) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxi. Nh\u1edd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p oxi cho kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m hai pha n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pha s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u00e0ng tilac\u00f4it, c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ph\u00e2n li n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ATP c\u00f9ng NADPH, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pha t\u1ed1i (chu tr\u00ecnh Canvin):<\/strong> di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Pha n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng ATP v\u00e0 NADPH t\u1eeb pha s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed cacbonic th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gluc\u00f4z\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i quang h\u1ee3p, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f2n tham gia t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit b\u00e9o, axit amin v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tinh b\u1ed9t do quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570689\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-4.jpg\" alt=\"luc-lap-4\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-4-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ec sao l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh?<\/h2>\n<p>L\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p. Di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 xanh t\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho quang h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng xanh l\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec v\u1eady ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh. V\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu, khi c\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 car\u00f4ten\u00f4it (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, cam, \u0111\u1ecf) tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb che l\u1ea5p s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5, khi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u r\u1ed3i r\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570687\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-1.jpg\" alt=\"luc-lap-1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p v\u00e0 ADN ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua quang h\u1ee3p th\u00ec ti th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p<\/th>\n<th>Ti th\u1ec3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f3 \u1edf<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, t\u1ea3o<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1eafc t\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c (m\u00e0u xanh)<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\n<td>Quang h\u1ee3p \u2013 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<td>H\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u2013 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<td>CO2, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (gluc\u00f4z\u01a1) v\u00e0 oxi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/td>\n<td>Gluc\u00f4z\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed oxi<\/td>\n<td>ATP, CO2 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong<\/td>\n<td>Tilac\u00f4it x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh grana, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma<\/td>\n<td>M\u00e0o (crista) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n matrix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m chung d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p, c\u00f3 ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed9ng sinh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 hai &#8220;nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8221; ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Quang h\u1ee3p trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng oxi cho sinh v\u1eadt h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed cacbonic, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 sinh gi\u1edbi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f2n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u00f4n l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/te-bao-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-loai-va-chuc-nang-cua-te-bao\/\">t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570688\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-2.jpg\" alt=\"luc-lap-2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/luc-lap-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<h3>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Trong c\u00e2y, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p bao b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00fai d\u1eb9t tilac\u00f4it x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh grana, c\u00f9ng ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n<h3>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quang h\u1ee3p: d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb CO2 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxi.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ec sao l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 xanh t\u00edm nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ta, n\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o; c\u00f2n ti th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00ec sao n\u00f3i l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n?<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00ec l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ADN, rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n. Theo thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng sinh, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng sinh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <strong>l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan ch\u1ee9a di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c grana, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng oxi<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Sinh h\u1ecdc, m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/te-bao-la-gi-cau-tao-phan-loai-va-chuc-nang-cua-te-bao\/\">t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/adn-la-gi\/\">ADN l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> tr\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c tin t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile.<br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Trong c\u00e2y, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a l\u00e1.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p bao b\u1ecdc, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n str\u00f4ma b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00fai d\u1eb9t tilac\u00f4it x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh grana, c\u00f9ng ADN v\u00e0 rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quang h\u1ee3p: d\u00f9ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb CO2 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxi.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"V\u00ec sao l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V\u00ec di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c trong l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 xanh t\u00edm nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u xanh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eaft ta, n\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quang h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o; c\u00f2n ti th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"V\u00ec sao n\u00f3i l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V\u00ec l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p c\u00f3 ADN, rib\u00f4x\u00f4m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n. Theo thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng sinh, l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi khu\u1ea9n lam c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng sinh trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7.\"}}]}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 b\u00e0o quan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea3o, ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh quang h\u1ee3p \u2013 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Ch\u00ednh l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":570690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec","_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh ti th\u1ec3","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"L\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng k\u00e9p, str\u00f4ma, grana, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quang h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t l\u1ee5c l\u1ea1p v\u1edbi ti th\u1ec3. 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