{"id":569746,"date":"2026-07-27T09:41:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=569746"},"modified":"2026-07-27T09:41:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:41:55","slug":"nhom-mau-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/nhom-mau-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ec7 ABO, h\u1ec7 Rh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u; h\u1ec7 m\u00e1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ABO g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m A, B, AB v\u00e0 O, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam h\u1ec7 Rh (Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c Rh \u00e2m).<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng, li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thai s\u1ea3n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ec7 ABO, h\u1ec7 Rh, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, b\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd y t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c protein) n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u mang kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean &#8220;l\u1ea1&#8221;. Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u mang t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c thai s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-569749\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-1.jpg\" alt=\"nhom-mau-1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO<\/h2>\n<p>H\u1ec7 ABO l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, do nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Karl Landsteiner ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, chia m\u00e1u th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean B tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u<\/th>\n<th>Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean B<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AB<\/td>\n<td>C\u1ea3 A v\u00e0 B<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A, B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 A v\u00e0 B<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 sinh ra kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <em>kh\u00f4ng<\/em> c\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00f3m A c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng B, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00f3m O c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00f3m AB th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A hay B. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao truy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea7m nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u Rh<\/h2>\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ec7 ABO, h\u1ec7 Rh c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean D tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng (Rh+), ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Rh \u00e2m (Rh\u2212). \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mang Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng (kho\u1ea3ng 99,9%), c\u00f2n Rh \u00e2m kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfm&#8221;. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 A+, O\u2212. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 ABO, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh \u00e2m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng D, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sinh ra kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sau khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u Rh+ (do truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c mang thai). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh \u00e2m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i k\u1ef9 trong truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 thai s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-569750\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-2.jpg\" alt=\"nhom-mau-2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft b\u1edfi kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m O (h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng mang kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A, B) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&#8221; v\u00ec h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u O kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m AB (huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A, B) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&#8221; v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m ABO.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u1edbi h\u1ec7 Rh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh \u00e2m ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u Rh \u00e2m, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn Rh \u00e2m. Ri\u00eang nh\u00f3m O\u2212 (O \u00e2m) v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A, B v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean D n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m cho h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf y khoa, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 <strong>truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m<\/strong> v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho\/nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&#8221; ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang khi truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u, kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e9o \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<h2>B\u1ea3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch truy\u1ec1n h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u (\u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ABO v\u00e0 Rh) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o, theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn<\/th>\n<th>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>AB+<\/td>\n<td>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m (ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>AB\u2212<\/td>\n<td>AB\u2212, A\u2212, B\u2212, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A+<\/td>\n<td>A+, A\u2212, O+, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A\u2212<\/td>\n<td>A\u2212, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B+<\/td>\n<td>B+, B\u2212, O+, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>B\u2212<\/td>\n<td>B\u2212, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O+<\/td>\n<td>O+, O\u2212<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>O\u2212<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ec9 O\u2212 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-569751\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-3.jpg\" alt=\"nhom-mau-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u di truy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO do m\u1ed9t gen v\u1edbi ba alen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: alen I<sup>A<\/sup>, alen I<sup>B<\/sup> v\u00e0 alen i. Trong \u0111\u00f3 I<sup>A<\/sup> v\u00e0 I<sup>B<\/sup> l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nhau, c\u00f2n i l\u00e0 l\u1eb7n. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang hai alen (m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u1eb9), t\u1ea1o ra ki\u1ec3u gen v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m A: ki\u1ec3u gen I<sup>A<\/sup>I<sup>A<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c I<sup>A<\/sup>i.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m B: ki\u1ec3u gen I<sup>B<\/sup>I<sup>B<\/sup> ho\u1eb7c I<sup>B<\/sup>i.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m AB: ki\u1ec3u gen I<sup>A<\/sup>I<sup>B<\/sup> (\u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed9i, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean).<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u00f3m O: ki\u1ec3u gen ii (kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A hay B).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong> B\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u A (ki\u1ec3u gen I<sup>A<\/sup>i) l\u1ea5y m\u1eb9 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u B (ki\u1ec3u gen I<sup>B<\/sup>i). Ta l\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lai: giao t\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 I<sup>A<\/sup> v\u00e0 i; giao t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 I<sup>B<\/sup> v\u00e0 i. T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u gen: I<sup>A<\/sup>I<sup>B<\/sup> (nh\u00f3m AB), I<sup>A<\/sup>i (nh\u00f3m A), I<sup>B<\/sup>i (nh\u00f3m B) v\u00e0 ii (nh\u00f3m O). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady con c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m A, B, AB, O v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i 25%. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00f3m A v\u00e0 B v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh con nh\u00f3m O.<\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u Rh v\u00e0 thai s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u Rh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 Rh \u00e2m mang thai con Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong l\u1ea7n mang thai \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u Rh+ c\u1ee7a con l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o m\u00e1u m\u1eb9 (khi sinh, s\u1ea3y thai&#8230;), c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng D. \u1ede nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n mang thai sau v\u1edbi thai Rh+, kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua nhau thai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thai nhi, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh tan m\u00e1u \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, thai ph\u1ee5 Rh \u00e2m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1c s\u0129 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eam globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1ng D \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO gi\u1eefa m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean tr\u1ed9n m\u1eabu m\u00e1u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c huy\u1ebft thanh m\u1eabu ch\u1ee9a kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng A, ch\u1ed1ng B (v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng D v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 Rh), r\u1ed3i quan s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u00e1u ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft v\u1edbi huy\u1ebft thanh ch\u1ed1ng A nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng B th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m A. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u00e0m th\u00eam ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (crossmatch) gi\u1eefa m\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<h2>L\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u00e0i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i do c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m; kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-569748\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-4.jpg\" alt=\"nhom-mau-4\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nhom-mau-4-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u<\/h2>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng, mang t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u trong h\u1ec7 ABO?<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 ABO c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m: A, B, AB v\u00e0 O, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A v\u00e0 B tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<h3>Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Rh \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean D tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n Rh \u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh \u00e2m ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u Rh \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 &#8220;ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&#8221;?<\/h3>\n<p>Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u00f3m O (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 O\u2212) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n AB l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u01b0u ti\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u00f3 di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO do gen v\u1edbi ba alen I<sup>A<\/sup>, I<sup>B<\/sup>, i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh; con nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t alen t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t alen t\u1eeb m\u1eb9, n\u00ean hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh con thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<h3>L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1ed9n m\u00e1u v\u1edbi huy\u1ebft thanh m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng, mang t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u trong h\u1ec7 ABO?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"H\u1ec7 ABO c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m: A, B, AB v\u00e0 O, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean A v\u00e0 B tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Rh \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean D tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u, c\u00f2n Rh \u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rh \u00e2m ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean nh\u1eadn m\u00e1u Rh \u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u hi\u1ebfm \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Theo l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, nh\u00f3m O (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 O \u00e2m) l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n AB l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u01b0u ti\u00ean truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u00f3 di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"C\u00f3. Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u ABO do gen v\u1edbi ba alen IA, IB, i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh; con nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t alen t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t alen t\u1eeb m\u1eb9, n\u00ean hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh con thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u kh\u00e1c nhau.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e1u t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft h\u1ecdc; k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1ed9n m\u00e1u v\u1edbi huy\u1ebft thanh m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0ng k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.\"}}]}<\/script><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <strong>nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo h\u1ec7 ABO (A, B, AB, O) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 Rh (Rh+ \/ Rh\u2212), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/strong>. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n khi truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t m\u00f4n Sinh h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1eefu \u00edch khi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, truy\u1ec1n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u; h\u1ec7 m\u00e1u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ABO g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m A, B, AB v\u00e0 O, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00eam h\u1ec7 Rh (Rh d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c Rh \u00e2m). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng, li\u00ean [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":569752,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nh\u00f3m m\u00e1u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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