{"id":569539,"date":"2026-07-24T09:53:01","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T02:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=569539"},"modified":"2026-07-24T09:53:01","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T02:53:01","slug":"ankan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ankan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ankan (hay parafin) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1edbp 11 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng l\u00fang t\u00fang khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ankan v\u1edbi anken, ch\u01b0a nh\u1edb r\u00f5 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung hay ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t: ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n<h2>Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>Ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n C\u2013C v\u00e0 C\u2013H. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n (li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u03c3) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u00ean ankan kh\u00e1 tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ec9 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ankan c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 parafin, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;\u00edt \u00e1i l\u1ef1c&#8221;, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 metan (CH\u2084).<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569937 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-1.jpg\" alt=\"ankan-1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ankan<\/h2>\n<p>Ankan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung duy nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nhanh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: <strong>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082<\/strong> (v\u1edbi n \u2265 1).<\/li>\n<li>T\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, khi bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon (n) b\u1ea1n suy ngay ra s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro (2n + 2).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m CH\u2082 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u0103m ankan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>S\u1ed1 C (n)<\/th>\n<th>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/th>\n<th>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/th>\n<th>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>CH\u2084<\/td>\n<td>Metan<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>C\u2082H\u2086<\/td>\n<td>Etan<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>C\u2083H\u2088<\/td>\n<td>Propan<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>C\u2084H\u2081\u2080<\/td>\n<td>Butan<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>C\u2085H\u2081\u2082<\/td>\n<td>Pentan<\/td>\n<td>L\u1ecfng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569938 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-2.jpg\" alt=\"ankan-2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankan<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankan bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt theo s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed1n ankan \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e3y (metan \u0111\u1ebfn butan) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed; t\u1eeb C\u2085 \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng C\u2081\u2087 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng; t\u1eeb C\u2081\u2088 tr\u1edf \u0111i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tan t\u1ed1t trong dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1; ankan nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/li>\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>Ankan kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u; c\u00e1c ankan nh\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 m\u00f9i nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed gas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/nong-do-mol-la-gi\/\">N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CM = n\/V v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankan<\/h2>\n<p>Do ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, ankan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf halogen (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng):<\/strong> ankan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo ho\u1eb7c brom khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u1ea1o d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2084 + Cl\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083Cl + HCl (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y (oxi h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n):<\/strong> ankan ch\u00e1y trong oxi t\u1ea1o CO\u2082 v\u00e0 H\u2082O, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng: khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ankan lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol H\u2082O l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 mol CO\u2082 (n_H\u2082O &gt; n_CO\u2082). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2084 + 2O\u2082 \u2192 CO\u2082 + 2H\u2082O.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch (cracking, \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u0111ro h\u00f3a):<\/strong> \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c, ankan m\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1ebb g\u00e3y t\u1ea1o ankan nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 anken, ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch hi\u0111ro \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o anken t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t: ankan tham gia <strong>ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/strong>, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi anken (c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i) tham gia <strong>ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569939 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-3.jpg\" alt=\"ankan-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ankan v\u00e0 anken<\/h2>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ankan v\u00e0 anken v\u00ec t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau. B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"6\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\n<th>Ankan<\/th>\n<th>Anken<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Lo\u1ea1i hi\u0111rocacbon<\/td>\n<td>No (ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n)<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng no (c\u00f3 1 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i C=C)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung<\/td>\n<td>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082 (n \u2265 1)<\/td>\n<td>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099 (n \u2265 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/td>\n<td>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng, tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>L\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\n<td>C\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n<td>Metan (CH\u2084)<\/td>\n<td>Etilen (C\u2082H\u2084)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>M\u1eb9o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nhanh: d\u1eabn kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom, n\u1ebfu <strong>kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ankan; n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 anken.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ankan<\/h2>\n<p>Ankan c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n khai th\u00e1c ch\u00ednh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, metan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung natri axetat (CH\u2083COONa) v\u1edbi v\u00f4i t\u00f4i x\u00fat (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaOH v\u00e0 CaO). V\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ankan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, x\u0103ng, d\u1ea7u diesel; l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i; l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 parafin r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ebfn, s\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569940 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-4.jpg\" alt=\"ankan-4\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-4-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>B\u00e0i t\u1eadp ankan c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ankan th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, k\u00e8m l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i 1 \u2014 Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean.<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ankan c\u00f3 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082 v\u1edbi n = 3.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1ed1 H = 2\u00d73 + 2 = 8. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u2083H\u2088.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ankan c\u00f3 3 cacbon t\u00ean l\u00e0 propan. \u0110\u00e1p s\u1ed1: C\u2083H\u2088 (propan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i 2 \u2014 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf clo.<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khi cho metan t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo (c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng) theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Ankan tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: CH\u2084 + Cl\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083Cl + HCl (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng).<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 metyl clorua (CH\u2083Cl) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed HCl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i 3 \u2014 \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ankan, t\u00ednh CO\u2082 v\u00e0 H\u2082O.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,1 mol propan (C\u2083H\u2088). T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol CO\u2082 v\u00e0 H\u2082O t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y: C\u2083H\u2088 + 5O\u2082 \u2192 3CO\u2082 + 4H\u2082O.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7, 1 mol C\u2083H\u2088 t\u1ea1o 3 mol CO\u2082 v\u00e0 4 mol H\u2082O.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u1edbi 0,1 mol C\u2083H\u2088 \u2192 n_CO\u2082 = 0,3 mol; n_H\u2082O = 0,4 mol. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: n_H\u2082O &gt; n_CO\u2082, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ankan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i 4 \u2014 T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ankan.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ankan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,3 mol CO\u2082 v\u00e0 0,4 mol H\u2082O. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ankan, s\u1ed1 mol ankan = n_H\u2082O \u2212 n_CO\u2082 = 0,4 \u2212 0,3 = 0,1 mol.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u1ed1 C trung b\u00ecnh = n_CO\u2082 \/ n_ankan = 0,3 \/ 0,1 = 3. V\u1eady n = 3.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C\u2083H\u2088 (propan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>B\u00e0i 5 (tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m).<\/strong> C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0: A. C\u2099H\u2082\u2099  B. C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082  C. C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208b\u2082  D. C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2081OH. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: <strong>B. C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/phan-tu-la-gi\/\">Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569941 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-5.jpg\" alt=\"ankan-5\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-5-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ankan-5-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi h\u1ecdc ankan<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m oan.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: ankan l\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i C\u2099H\u2082\u2099 (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 anken).<\/li>\n<li>Cho r\u1eb1ng ankan l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom \u2014 sai, ankan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<li>Nh\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: ankan tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<li>Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y qu\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n_H\u2082O &gt; n_CO\u2082 \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ed1 mol ankan.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 ankan<\/h2>\n<h3>Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082 v\u1edbi n \u2265 1.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf halogen (v\u1edbi clo, brom) khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<h3>Ankan c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng. Ankan kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi anken.<\/p>\n<h3>Ankan v\u00e0 anken kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>Ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n (C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082), tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf; c\u00f2n anken c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i C=C (C\u2099H\u2082\u2099), tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom.<\/p>\n<h3>Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n<p>Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 metan (CH\u2084).<\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung C\u2099H\u2082\u2099\u208a\u2082 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ankan c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf halogen, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y (v\u1edbi n_H\u2082O &gt; n_CO\u2082) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch. Ghi nh\u1edb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 ankan v\u1edbi anken v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i tr\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ph\u1ea7n H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung CnH2n+2.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 CnH2n+2 v\u1edbi n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng 1.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankan l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf halogen v\u1edbi clo ho\u1eb7c brom khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ankan c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom kh\u00f4ng?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Kh\u00f4ng. Ankan kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi anken.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ankan v\u00e0 anken kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ankan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n (CnH2n+2), tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf; anken c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i C=C (CnH2n), tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 metan (CH4).\"}}]}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ankan (hay parafin) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1edbp 11 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng l\u00fang t\u00fang khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ankan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":569933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung CnH2n+2, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ankan v\u1edbi anken v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft.","footnotes":""},"categories":[29235,3910,30453],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-569539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goc-to-mo","category-kham-pha","category-kien-thuc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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