{"id":569098,"date":"2026-07-27T09:33:16","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:33:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=569098"},"modified":"2026-07-27T09:33:16","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:33:16","slug":"axit-cacboxylic-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c cacboxyl (\u2013COOH) li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro; c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf l\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082. Axit cacboxylic quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 axit axetic (CH\u2083COOH) c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5m \u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1edbp 11. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y <b>axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, danh ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u00f4n t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c cacboxyl \u2013COOH li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro. Nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: HCOOH (axit fomic), CH\u2083COOH (axit axetic).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nh\u00f3m cacboxyl \u2013COOH g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m cacbonyl C=O g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hi\u0111roxyl \u2013OH tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trong \u2013OH linh \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ancol, gi\u00fap axit cacboxylic d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n li ra ion H\u207a v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh axit.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570550\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00e1c axit cacboxylic no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro, oxi trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: <b>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082 (hay R\u2013COOH), v\u1edbi n \u2265 1.<\/b> Trong \u0111\u00f3 R l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon (ri\u00eang axit fomic HCOOH th\u00ec R l\u00e0 H).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>HCOOH (n = 1)<\/li>\n<li>CH\u2083COOH (n = 2)<\/li>\n<li>C\u2082H\u2085COOH (n = 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf (theo IUPAC) v\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quen d\u00f9ng. C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf: <b>axit + t\u00ean hydrocacbon t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng + \u0111u\u00f4i &#8220;oic&#8221;<\/b>, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH v\u00e0 cacbon c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 1.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th>T\u00ean thay th\u1ebf<\/th>\n<th>T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>HCOOH<\/td>\n<td>Axit metanoic<\/td>\n<td>Axit fomic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CH\u2083COOH<\/td>\n<td>Axit etanoic<\/td>\n<td>Axit axetic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u2082H\u2085COOH<\/td>\n<td>Axit propanoic<\/td>\n<td>Axit propionic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>C\u2083H\u2087COOH<\/td>\n<td>Axit butanoic<\/td>\n<td>Axit butiric<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CH\u2082=CH\u2013COOH<\/td>\n<td>Axit propenoic<\/td>\n<td>Axit acrylic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o g\u1ed1c R v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i axit cacboxylic th\u00e0nh: axit no (nh\u01b0 CH\u2083COOH), axit kh\u00f4ng no (nh\u01b0 axit acrylic), axit th\u01a1m (nh\u01b0 axit benzoic C\u2086H\u2085COOH) v\u00e0 axit \u0111a ch\u1ee9c (nh\u01b0 axit oxalic HOOC\u2013COOH).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1eadt l\u00ed ri\u00eang do ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u0111ro b\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n ancol, an\u0111ehit v\u00e0 hydrocacbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon, do c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u0111ro v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng \u0111ime b\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c axit \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e3y (t\u1eeb HCOOH \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng C\u2083) tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; \u0111\u1ed9 tan gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n khi m\u1ea1ch cacbon d\u00e0i ra.<\/li>\n<li>M\u1ed7i axit c\u00f3 m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: axit axetic c\u00f3 m\u00f9i gi\u1ea5m chua, axit butiric c\u00f3 m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu c\u1ee7a b\u01a1 \u00f4i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013COOH. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion H\u207a v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>L\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf: do axit cacboxylic ph\u00e2n li t\u1ea1o ra ion H\u207a trong dung d\u1ecbch. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n li: CH\u2083COOH \u21cc CH\u2083COO\u207b + H\u207a.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 oxit baz\u01a1: t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i cacboxylat v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2083COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH\u2083COONa + H\u2082O.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc H trong d\u00e3y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2CH\u2083COOH + Mg \u2192 (CH\u2083COO)\u2082Mg + H\u2082\u2191.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i cacbonat: t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed CO\u2082. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2CH\u2083COOH + CaCO\u2083 \u2192 (CH\u2083COO)\u2082Ca + H\u2082O + CO\u2082\u2191.<\/li>\n<li>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a: axit cacboxylic t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ancol (c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c H\u2082SO\u2084 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh este v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2083COOH + C\u2082H\u2085OH \u21cc CH\u2083COOC\u2082H\u2085 + H\u2082O.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570551\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-2.jpg\" alt=\"axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a an\u0111ehit ho\u1eb7c ancol b\u1eadc I. Ri\u00eang axit axetic c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Oxi h\u00f3a ancol b\u1eadc I: R\u2013CH\u2082OH \u2192 R\u2013CHO \u2192 R\u2013COOH khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<li>L\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m: C\u2082H\u2085OH + O\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083COOH + H\u2082O (x\u00fac t\u00e1c men gi\u1ea5m), d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5m \u0103n.<\/li>\n<li>Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, axit axetic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch oxi h\u00f3a butan ho\u1eb7c cho metanol t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi cacbon oxit (CO) c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Axit axetic: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5m \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01a1 s\u1ee3i, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c axit cacboxylic kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0110\u1ec3 n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 1:<\/b> Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5m \u0103n. <i>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/i> Gi\u1ea5m \u0103n ch\u1ee9a axit axetic, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CH\u2083COOH.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 2:<\/b> Axit axetic t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Mg t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed g\u00ec? <i>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/i> Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2CH\u2083COOH + Mg \u2192 (CH\u2083COO)\u2082Mg + H\u2082\u2191 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro (H\u2082).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 3:<\/b> Axit cacboxylic t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ancol t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? <i>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/i> T\u1ea1o ra este v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a (c\u1ea7n x\u00fac t\u00e1c H\u2082SO\u2084 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 4 (tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m):<\/b> Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o? A. \u2013OH  B. \u2013CHO  C. \u2013COOH  D. \u2013NH\u2082. <i>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/i> C. \u2013COOH.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 5 (t\u00ednh to\u00e1n):<\/b> Trung h\u00f2a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 6 gam axit axetic (CH\u2083COOH) c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau gam NaOH? <i>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/i><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol axit. M(CH\u2083COOH) = 60 g\/mol \u21d2 n = 6 : 60 = 0,1 mol.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: CH\u2083COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH\u2083COONa + H\u2082O. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1 n\u00ean n(NaOH) = 0,1 mol.<\/li>\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaOH. M(NaOH) = 40 g\/mol \u21d2 m = 0,1 \u00d7 40 = 4 gam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>B\u00e0i 6 (x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c):<\/b> A l\u00e0 axit cacboxylic no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf. \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a 3 gam A c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 50 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1M. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a A. <i>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/i> n(NaOH) = 0,05 \u00d7 1 = 0,05 mol; v\u00ec A \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean n(A) = n(NaOH) = 0,05 mol \u21d2 M(A) = 3 : 0,05 = 60 g\/mol. \u1ee8ng v\u1edbi C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082 c\u00f3 14n + 32 = 60 \u21d2 n = 2. V\u1eady A l\u00e0 CH\u2083COOH (axit axetic).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-570552\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/axit-cacboxylic-la-gi-3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 axit cacboxylic<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013COOH li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCOOH v\u00e0 CH\u2083COOH.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082 v\u1edbi n \u2265 1, hay vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 R\u2013COOH.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu: l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1, oxit baz\u01a1, kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ancol.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa axit cacboxylic v\u00e0 ancol (c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c H\u2082SO\u2084 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh este v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Axit axetic c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Axit axetic c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5m \u0103n, v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 2\u20135% axit axetic trong dung d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>V\u00ec sao axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit cacboxylic t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u0111ro b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau (d\u1ea1ng \u0111ime), n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n ancol, an\u0111ehit v\u00e0 hydrocacbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon.<\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013COOH li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCOOH v\u00e0 CH3COOH.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 CnH2nO2 v\u1edbi n \u2265 1, hay vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 R\u2013COOH.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu: l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1, oxit baz\u01a1, kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc H v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ancol.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa axit cacboxylic v\u00e0 ancol (c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh este v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Axit axetic c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Axit axetic c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5m \u0103n, v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 2\u20135% axit axetic trong dung d\u1ecbch.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"V\u00ec sao axit cacboxylic c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed axit cacboxylic t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u0111ro b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau (d\u1ea1ng \u0111ime), n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n ancol, an\u0111ehit v\u00e0 hydrocacbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon.\"}}]}<\/script><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ancol t\u1ea1o este. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng danh ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1edbp 11.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Xem th\u00eam:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ancol-la-gi\/\">Ancol l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/este-la-gi\/\">Este l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c cacboxyl (\u2013COOH) li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro; c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf l\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082. Axit cacboxylic quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 axit axetic (CH\u2083COOH) c\u00f3 trong gi\u1ea5m \u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":570549,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"axit cacboxylic","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O\u2082, danh ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i. Xem chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile.","footnotes":""},"categories":[29235,3910,30453],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-569098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goc-to-mo","category-kham-pha","category-kien-thuc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Axit cacboxylic l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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