{"id":569049,"date":"2026-07-24T09:10:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-24T02:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=569049"},"modified":"2026-07-24T09:54:34","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T02:54:34","slug":"andehit-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/andehit-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO (nh\u00f3m cacban\u0111ehit) li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 R\u2013CHO. An\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 11 v\u00e0 12, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 thi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t an\u0111ehit v\u1edbi ancol hay axit, ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1c trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<h2>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n<p>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro. Nh\u00f3m \u2013CHO g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m cacban\u0111ehit, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi oxi (C=O) v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 HCHO (foman\u0111ehit, hay metanal) v\u00e0 CH\u2083CHO (axetan\u0111ehit, hay etanal).<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569598 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-1.jpg\" alt=\"andehit-la-gi-1\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit<\/h2>\n<p>C\u00e1ch nh\u1edb nhanh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u2013CHO v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon. An\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O (v\u1edbi n \u2265 1), hay vi\u1ebft d\u1ea1ng R\u2013CHO, trong \u0111\u00f3 R l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon no ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 H.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: HCHO (metanal), CH\u2083CHO (etanal), C\u2082H\u2085CHO (propanal), C\u2083H\u2087CHO (butanal)\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp: an\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lu\u00f4n cho s\u1ed1 mol CO\u2082 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 mol H\u2082O (n<sub>CO\u2082<\/sub> = n<sub>H\u2082O<\/sub>). D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra ngay lo\u1ea1i an\u0111ehit \u0111ang x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/khoa-hoc\/\">Khoa h\u1ecdc: \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tri th\u1ee9c<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569599 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-2.jpg\" alt=\"andehit-la-gi-2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb: trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, an\u0111ehit v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a v\u1eeba th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c (t\u00ednh kh\u1eed):<\/strong> an\u0111ehit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO\u2083 trong NH\u2083 (thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Tollens), t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ea1c (Ag) b\u00e1m s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: R\u2013CHO + 2AgNO\u2083 + 3NH\u2083 + H\u2082O \u2192 R\u2013COONH\u2084 + 2Ag\u2193 + 2NH\u2084NO\u2083. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft an\u0111ehit.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng hi\u0111ro (t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a):<\/strong> an\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng H\u2082 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ancol-la-gi\/\">ancol b\u1eadc I<\/a>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2083CHO + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083CH\u2082OH.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a:<\/strong> an\u0111ehit d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh axit cacboxylic t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: 2R\u2013CHO + O\u2082 \u2192 2R\u2013COOH.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ri\u00eang foman\u0111ehit (HCHO) l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed HCHO khi tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1edbi 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Ag (theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh HCHO + 4AgNO\u2083 + 6NH\u2083 + 2H\u2082O \u2192 (NH\u2084)\u2082CO\u2083 + 4Ag\u2193 + 4NH\u2084NO\u2083), kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 cho 2 Ag.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569600 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-3.jpg\" alt=\"andehit-la-gi-3\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-3-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 an\u0111ehit th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c an\u0111ehit hay xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>T\u00ean g\u1ecdi<\/th>\n<th>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/th>\n<th>\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \/ \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Metanal (foman\u0111ehit)<\/td>\n<td>HCHO<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, dung d\u1ecbch 37\u201340% g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 fomon; s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf, ng\u00e2m m\u1eabu v\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Etanal (axetan\u0111ehit)<\/td>\n<td>CH\u2083CHO<\/td>\n<td>Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i; nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit axetic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Propanal<\/td>\n<td>C\u2082H\u2085CHO<\/td>\n<td>An\u0111ehit no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, d\u00f9ng trong t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Benzan\u0111ehit<\/td>\n<td>C\u2086H\u2085CHO<\/td>\n<td>An\u0111ehit th\u01a1m, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n, d\u00f9ng trong h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Acrolein (propenal)<\/td>\n<td>CH\u2082=CH\u2013CHO<\/td>\n<td>An\u0111ehit kh\u00f4ng no, m\u00f9i kh\u00e9t sinh ra khi \u0111un d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit<\/h2>\n<p>V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi oxi h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 ancol b\u1eadc I. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, foman\u0111ehit (HCHO) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch oxi h\u00f3a metanol; axetan\u0111ehit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch oxi h\u00f3a etilen. V\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, foman\u0111ehit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a (nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a phenol-foman\u0111ehit), l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf, v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch fomon d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong sinh h\u1ecdc. Axetan\u0111ehit l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit axetic v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569601 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-4.jpg\" alt=\"andehit-la-gi-4\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-4-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-4-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>L\u01b0u \u00fd an to\u00e0n<\/h2>\n<p>C\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec foman\u0111ehit l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c: n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft; m\u1ecdi th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi an\u0111ehit c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n<h2>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 an\u0111ehit, c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 1 (nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft):<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u00f3. <em>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/em> An\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 HCHO (metanal, foman\u0111ehit). C\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft: cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO\u2083\/NH\u2083, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag s\u00e1ng (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c).<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 2 (t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag):<\/strong> Cho 0,1 mol CH\u2083CHO th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <em>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/em> B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 CH\u2083CHO l\u00e0 an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i HCHO) n\u00ean 1 mol CH\u2083CHO cho 2 mol Ag. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2014 n<sub>Ag<\/sub> = 2 \u00d7 0,1 = 0,2 mol. B\u01b0\u1edbc 3 \u2014 m<sub>Ag<\/sub> = 0,2 \u00d7 108 = <strong>21,6 gam<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 3 (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t HCHO):<\/strong> Cho 0,1 mol HCHO tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag. <em>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/em> HCHO l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, 1 mol HCHO cho 4 mol Ag \u2192 n<sub>Ag<\/sub> = 0,4 mol \u2192 m<sub>Ag<\/sub> = 0,4 \u00d7 108 = <strong>43,2 gam<\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 4 (\u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,1 mol m\u1ed9t an\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,2 mol CO\u2082. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a X. <em>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/em> B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 \u2014 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C = n<sub>CO\u2082<\/sub> \/ n<sub>X<\/sub> = 0,2 \/ 0,1 = 2. B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 \u2014 an\u0111ehit no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 2 C l\u00e0 CH\u2083CHO. V\u1eady X l\u00e0 <strong>CH\u2083CHO (etanal)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 5 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng H\u2082):<\/strong> An\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng H\u2082 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, t\u00b0) t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft v\u00ed d\u1ee5. <em>L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/em> T\u1ea1o ra ancol b\u1eadc I. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH\u2083CHO + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083CH\u2082OH.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u00e0i 6 (tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m):<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o? A. \u2013OH  B. \u2013COOH  C. \u2013CHO  D. \u2013NH\u2082. <em>\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n:<\/em> <strong>C. \u2013CHO<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/tinh-khu-la-gi\/\">T\u00ednh Kh\u1eed L\u00e0 G\u00ec? To\u00e0n T\u1eadp Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c V\u1ec1 T\u00ednh Kh\u1eed v\u00e0 Oxi H\u00f3a Trong H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ankan\/\">Ankan l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-569602 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-5.jpg\" alt=\"andehit-la-gi-5\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-5.jpg 800w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-5-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/andehit-la-gi-5-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp an\u0111ehit<\/h2>\n<p>N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m oan:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00ean HCHO cho 4 Ag:<\/strong> m\u1ecdi an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c cho 2 Ag, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang HCHO cho 4 Ag. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:2 cho HCHO s\u1ebd ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sai.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nh\u1ea7m nh\u00f3m \u2013CHO v\u1edbi \u2013COOH:<\/strong> \u2013CHO l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit, c\u00f2n \u2013COOH l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a axit cacboxylic. Hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00ean t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1 mol an\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c \u2192 2 mol Ag:<\/strong> nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u00ednh theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1 n\u00ean sai kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>B\u1ecf qua d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y:<\/strong> v\u1edbi an\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 n<sub>CO\u2082<\/sub> = n<sub>H\u2082O<\/sub>; n\u1ebfu b\u00e0i cho hai s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nhau th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng lo\u1ea1i an\u0111ehit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 an\u0111ehit<\/h2>\n<h3>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCHO v\u00e0 CH\u2083CHO.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e0 C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O v\u1edbi n \u2265 1, hay vi\u1ebft d\u1ea1ng R\u2013CHO v\u1edbi R l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon no ho\u1eb7c H.<\/p>\n<h3>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO\u2083 trong NH\u2083, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag s\u00e1ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<h3>1 mol an\u0111ehit tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c cho bao nhi\u00eau mol Ag?<\/h3>\n<p>An\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho 2 mol Ag, ri\u00eang HCHO l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho 4 mol Ag.<\/p>\n<h3>An\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng hi\u0111ro t\u1ea1o ra g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n<p>An\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng H\u2082 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o ra ancol b\u1eadc I, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 CH\u2083CHO + H\u2082 \u2192 CH\u2083CH\u2082OH.<\/p>\n<h3>Foman\u0111ehit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00f3, foman\u0111ehit l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Xem th\u00eam: <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/anken\/\">Anken l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, an\u0111ehit l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O (no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf), v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng H\u2082 t\u1ea1o ancol b\u1eadc I. Khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y nh\u1edb HCHO l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho 4 Ag v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y n<sub>CO\u2082<\/sub> = n<sub>H\u2082O<\/sub>. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tin x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 an\u0111ehit trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam <a href=\"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/este-la-gi\/\">este l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1edbp 12.<br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCHO v\u00e0 CH3CHO.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"L\u00e0 CnH2nO v\u1edbi n \u2265 1, hay vi\u1ebft d\u1ea1ng R\u2013CHO v\u1edbi R l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c hydrocacbon no ho\u1eb7c H.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a an\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag s\u00e1ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"1 mol an\u0111ehit tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c cho bao nhi\u00eau mol Ag?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"An\u0111ehit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho 2 mol Ag, ri\u00eang HCHO l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho 4 mol Ag.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"An\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng hi\u0111ro t\u1ea1o ra g\u00ec?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"An\u0111ehit c\u1ed9ng H2 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) t\u1ea1o ra ancol b\u1eadc I, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 CH3CHO + H2 \u2192 CH3CH2OH.\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\n      \"name\": \"Foman\u0111ehit c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng?\",\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n        \"text\": \"C\u00f3, foman\u0111ehit l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i; ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO (nh\u00f3m cacban\u0111ehit) li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 R\u2013CHO. An\u0111ehit no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C\u2099H\u2082\u2099O. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1 quan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":569597,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"an\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec","_yoast_wpseo_title":"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c \u2013CHO, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CnH2nO, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c, c\u1ed9ng H2 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp an\u0111ehit c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.","footnotes":""},"categories":[29235,3910,30453],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-569049","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-goc-to-mo","category-kham-pha","category-kien-thuc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An\u0111ehit l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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