{"id":568916,"date":"2026-07-27T09:24:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=568916"},"modified":"2026-07-27T15:14:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T08:14:06","slug":"quang-pho-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/quang-pho-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u (ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch t\u1eed. Quang ph\u1ed5 gi\u00fap nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c V\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u1edbp 12. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>, c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5, ba lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1, v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5) c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc (c\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kh\u00e1c nhau). Khi cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng \u0111i qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb t\u00e1n s\u1eafc th\u00e0nh d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edm \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc, n\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong quang ph\u1ed5 mang th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"quang-pho-la-gi-4\"<\/p>\n

M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh g\u1ed3m ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u1ed0ng chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ch\u00f9m tia s\u00e1ng song song tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00e1n s\u1eafc. Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 trong \u1ed1ng chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n
  • H\u1ec7 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (l\u0103ng k\u00ednh): C\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng song song th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, do c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau khi truy\u1ec1n qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh (\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00edm l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf l\u1ec7ch \u00edt nh\u1ea5t).<\/li>\n
  • Bu\u1ed3ng \u1ea3nh (bu\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1i): L\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ee9ng, quan s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c ghi l\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1n s\u1eafc. Tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c phim \u1ea3nh, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc cho m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a khe s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh ba lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5<\/b><\/th>\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/b><\/th>\nNgu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t<\/b><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nD\u1ea3i m\u00e0u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edm<\/td>\nV\u1eadt r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn khi b\u1ecb nung n\u00f3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1<\/td>\nC\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i<\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, h\u01a1i \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p khi b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/td>\nC\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\nKh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00eda sau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \"quang-pho-la-gi-3\"<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: L\u00e0 d\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edm. Quang ph\u1ed5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, quang ph\u1ed5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn (v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u t\u00edm, xanh) v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hay b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao.<\/li>\n
    • Quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1: G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch nhau b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed hay h\u01a1i n\u00f3ng s\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a hi\u0111ro trong v\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng: v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf, v\u1ea1ch lam, v\u1ea1ch ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch t\u00edm; h\u01a1i natri cho v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n
    • Quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5: L\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu \u0111i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u, do b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed hay h\u01a1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m kh\u00ed (h\u01a1i) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t ra quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng trong quang ph\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ea1ch quang ph\u1ed5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"quang-pho-la-gi-2\"<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Hai lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea3ng sau gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n so s\u00e1nh nhanh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/th>\nQuang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1<\/b><\/th>\nQuang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5<\/b><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh<\/td>\nV\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i<\/td>\nV\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/td>\nKh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/td>\nKh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/td>\nKh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/td>\nKh\u00ed\/h\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ph\u00eda sau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch<\/td>\nTr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/td>\nTr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 nhau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 “nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n” nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 n\u00f3 \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hay trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao c\u00e1ch xa h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t: Gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n
      • Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quang ph\u1ed5, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa nh\u01b0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao. Quang ph\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi khi quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i do c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u1ee3p kim c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \"quang-pho-la-gi-1\"<\/p>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 qua quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch<\/b><\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch quang ph\u1ed5 gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, h\u00e3y x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng quen thu\u1ed9c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9a natri v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00ed. Ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/li>\n
        • B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111i qua m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5. Tr\u00ean bu\u1ed3ng \u1ea3nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a natri.<\/li>\n
        • B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: V\u00ec m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ri\u00eang, vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y v\u1ea1ch v\u00e0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a natri cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: trong m\u1eabu c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 natri.<\/li>\n
        • B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u1eafng (cho quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) qua h\u01a1i natri ngu\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1ea1ch v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n “\u0111\u1ecdc” v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch trong quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quang ph\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 quang ph\u1ed5<\/b><\/h2>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 l\u00e0 d\u1ea3i m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng l\u0103ng k\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

          C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i quang ph\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec quang ph\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

          M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          M\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh g\u1ed3m ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng chu\u1ea9n tr\u1ef1c, h\u1ec7 t\u00e1n s\u1eafc (l\u0103ng k\u00ednh) v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n quang ph\u1ed5 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n quang ph\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n

          Quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 \u1edf xa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n