{"id":567273,"date":"2026-07-23T09:47:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T02:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=567273"},"modified":"2026-07-23T09:55:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T02:55:03","slug":"phan-tu-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/phan-tu-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/a> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau (H\u2082O). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 8, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u <\/span>ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00ed cacbonic g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed CO\u2082, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, ch\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"phan-tu-la-gi-1\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/b><\/h2>\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00ed oxi (O\u2082), kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 (N\u2082), kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro (H\u2082) \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai hay nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u01b0\u1edbc (H\u2082O), kh\u00ed cacbonic (CO\u2082), axit sunfuric (H\u2082SO\u2084) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    L\u01b0u \u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft (Fe), \u0111\u1ed3ng (Cu) hay kh\u00ed hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 heli (He), neon (Ne) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ri\u00eang l\u1ebb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ta xem m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon (\u0111vC), b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: b\u1ea1n c\u1ed9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u2082O = 2 \u00d7 1 + 16 = 18 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed cacbonic CO\u2082 = 12 + 2 \u00d7 16 = 44 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed oxi O\u2082 = 2 \u00d7 16 = 32 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"phan-tu-la-gi-2\"<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u00e0m theo ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: (1) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, (2) tra nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, (3) c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda.<\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 \u2013 Axit sunfuric H\u2082SO\u2084:<\/b> Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H, 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed S v\u00e0 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O. Ta c\u00f3: 2 \u00d7 1 + 32 + 4 \u00d7 16 = 2 + 32 + 64 = 98 \u0111vC. V\u1eady ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u2082SO\u2084 l\u00e0 98 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 \u2013 Canxi cacbonat CaCO\u2083:<\/b> Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Ca, 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C v\u00e0 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O. Ta c\u00f3: 40 + 12 + 3 \u00d7 16 = 40 + 12 + 48 = 100 \u0111vC. V\u1eady ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a CaCO\u2083 l\u00e0 100 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3 \u2013 Glucoz\u01a1 C\u2086H\u2081\u2082O\u2086:<\/b> Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C, 12 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H v\u00e0 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O. Ta c\u00f3: 6 \u00d7 12 + 12 \u00d7 1 + 6 \u00d7 16 = 72 + 12 + 96 = 180 \u0111vC. V\u1eady ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a glucoz\u01a1 l\u00e0 180 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ch\u1ea5t<\/b><\/td>\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c<\/b><\/td>\nPh\u00e9p t\u00ednh<\/b><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i (\u0111vC)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kh\u00ed nit\u01a1<\/span><\/td>\nN\u2082<\/span><\/td>\n2 \u00d7 14<\/span><\/td>\n28<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n<\/span><\/td>\nNaCl<\/span><\/td>\n23 + 35,5<\/span><\/td>\n58,5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Axit sunfuric<\/span><\/td>\nH\u2082SO\u2084<\/span><\/td>\n2 \u00d7 1 + 32 + 4 \u00d7 16<\/span><\/td>\n98<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Canxi cacbonat<\/span><\/td>\nCaCO\u2083<\/span><\/td>\n40 + 12 + 3 \u00d7 16<\/span><\/td>\n100<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/b><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ea1t g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/span><\/td>\nH\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n + electron<\/span><\/td>\nHai hay nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho<\/span><\/td>\nNguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/td>\nCh\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span><\/td>\nH, O, C, Na<\/span><\/td>\nH\u2082O, CO\u2082, O\u2082<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \"phan-tu-la-gi-3\"<\/p>\n

      Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c th\u1ec3<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Trong ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf r\u1ea5t xa nhau v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n; trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean nhau; c\u00f2n trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u1edf s\u00e1t nhau v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 n\u00e9n, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Khi m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc.<\/span><\/p>\n

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      • Nh\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1: trong H\u2082O, s\u1ed1 2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Khi t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Qu\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 CO\u2082 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh 12 + 2 \u00d7 16 = 44, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 12 + 16 = 28.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1ea7m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, H l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, c\u00f2n H\u2082 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i t\u00ednh theo \u0111vC (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gam. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n hay ghi nh\u1ea7m l\u00e0 “gam”.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i <\/b>ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b><\/h2>\n

        B\u00e0i 1: T\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed oxi O\u2082. L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: = 2 \u00d7 16 = 32 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i 2: T\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i \u0103n NaCl (Na = 23, Cl = 35,5). L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: = 23 + 35,5 = 58,5 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed H\u2082O l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t hay h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t? L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t, v\u00ec g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H v\u00e0 O.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i 4: T\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit sunfuric H\u2082SO\u2084 (H = 1, S = 32, O = 16). L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i: = 2 \u00d7 1 + 32 + 4 \u00d7 16 = 98 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

        B\u00e0i 5 (tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m): Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a CO\u2082 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? A. 28 B. 44 C. 32 D. 18. \u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n: B.<\/span><\/p>\n

        V\u00ec sao ph\u00e2n t\u1eed mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t?<\/b><\/h2>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t, n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

        \"phan-tu-la-gi-4\"<\/p>\n

        C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/b><\/h2>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        L\u00e0 h\u1ea1t g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        B\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb cacbon (\u0111vC).<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u2082O = 2 \u00d7 1 + 16 = 18 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau ra sao?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f9ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u2082SO\u2084 l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?<\/b><\/h3>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a H\u2082SO\u2084 = 2 \u00d7 1 + 32 + 4 \u00d7 16 = 98 \u0111vC.<\/span><\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h2>\n

        Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/b>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i<\/span> 1 kg b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau gam<\/span><\/a>,<\/span> 1 l\u00edt b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau ml<\/span><\/a> v\u00e0<\/span> m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau km<\/span><\/a> tr\u00ean chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c tin t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile. <\/span><\/p>\n

        Xem th\u00eam:<\/b><\/p>\n

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          S\u1ed1 Avogadro l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Pytago: c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea3o, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n