{"id":530521,"date":"2026-03-12T09:04:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T02:04:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=530521"},"modified":"2026-03-12T09:04:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T02:04:29","slug":"am-tinh-la-gi-giai-ma-chi-tiet-ve-y-nghia-cua-ket-qua-xet-nghiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/am-tinh-la-gi-giai-ma-chi-tiet-ve-y-nghia-cua-ket-qua-xet-nghiem\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m khi nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/h2>\n

Trong y t\u1ebf, \u201c\u00e2m t\u00ednh\u201d (negative) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n, b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u201cd\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh\u201d, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh lo l\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 quan kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/b><\/h3>\n

Trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m y t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u201c\u00e2m t\u00ednh\u201d l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho bi\u1ebft m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n <\/span>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u<\/b> nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u00e2m t\u00ednh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eabu m\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus HIV.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng \u00e2m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi \u201ckh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh\u201d hay \u201can to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f4i khi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt test.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"am-tinh-la-gi-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

\u00c2m t\u00ednh trong ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan<\/b><\/h3>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, \u201c<\/span>\u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/b>\u201d, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 <\/span>Negative<\/b>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean phi\u1ebfu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u201cNon-reactive\u201d (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng), \u201cWithin reference range\u201d (trong kho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng). \u201cKho\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u00e2m t\u00ednh\u201d l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh \u201c\u00c2m t\u00ednh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cD\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/b><\/td>\n\u00c2m t\u00ednh (Negative)<\/b><\/td>\nD\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh (Positive)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/span><\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\/c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh<\/span><\/td>\nC\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\/c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo<\/span><\/td>\nTi\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n<\/span><\/td>\nTham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1c s\u0129, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u00eam x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/span><\/td>\nHIV \u00e2m t\u00ednh, test ma t\u00fay \u00e2m t\u00ednh<\/span><\/td>\nCovid-19 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, HBsAg d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u201c\u00e2m t\u00ednh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cd\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh\u201d l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m tai h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m t\u00ednh trong y t\u1ebf<\/b><\/h2>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00ean t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. \u00c2m t\u00ednh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nguy c\u01a1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u201c\u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec\u201d<\/b><\/h3>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u00e2m t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, virus, vi khu\u1ea9n, hay ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy t\u00ecm. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ma t\u00fay \u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ma t\u00fay trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u; x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HIV \u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean HIV.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"am-tinh-la-gi-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3\u201d. \u0110\u00f4i khi, m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n test nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh<\/b><\/h3>\n