{"id":525675,"date":"2026-01-30T22:10:08","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T15:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=525675"},"modified":"2026-08-05T15:52:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T08:52:35","slug":"npu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/npu\/","title":{"rendered":"NPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vai tr\u00f2, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa NPU, CPU, GPU"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng len s\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do NPU<\/strong> \u2013 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 AI \u2013 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, laptop, camera an ninh hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT. V\u1eady NPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi CPU hay GPU v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00edch h\u1ee3p NPU c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng mua hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

NPU l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

NPU (Neural Processing Unit)<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea7n kinh \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y (machine learning) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u (deep learning). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi CPU mang t\u00ednh \u0111a n\u0103ng hay GPU thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, NPU t\u1eadp trung t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n ma tr\u1eadn, vector \u2013 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac cho ph\u00e9p x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t, x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n h\u00e0nh vi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, NPU th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"npu-la-gi-1\"<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, NPU th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o SoC (System on a Chip) c\u1ee7a smartphone ho\u1eb7c laptop, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Apple Neural Engine, Qualcomm AI Engine hay NPU trong c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng chip c\u1ee7a MediaTek. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nb\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a AI t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (cloud) xu\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (edge), gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang t\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"npu-01\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa NPU, CPU v\u00e0 GPU<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa NPU, CPU v\u00e0 GPU s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a NPU trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
CPU<\/td>\nB\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GPU<\/td>\nB\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, game v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n song song<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NPU<\/td>\nB\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u00ean cho AI, m\u1ea1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"npu-la-gi-2\"<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam: So s\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n Snapdragon 8 Elite v\u1edbi Dimensity 9400<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/h3>\n

CPU (Central Processing Unit) l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chung, t\u1eeb ch\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. CPU c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n AI ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd song song m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, GPU tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI. Tuy nhi\u00ean, GPU ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

NPU, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang cho AI. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay th\u1ebf CPU hay GPU m\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song, \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"npu-02\"<\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh<\/b> CPU, GPU v\u00e0 NPU v<\/strong>\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/h3>\n

CPU, GPU v\u00e0 NPU \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng:<\/b><\/p>\n