{"id":476504,"date":"2025-07-24T20:42:25","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:42:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=476504"},"modified":"2025-07-24T20:42:25","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T13:42:25","slug":"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b> B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1eafc m\u1eafc v\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh y\u1ebfu \u1edbt t\u1eeb micro l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua loa l\u1edbn? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u0103ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 hay \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f2ng cho t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ean, v\u1eeba khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, v\u1eeba khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n loa ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e2m thanh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 tivi, radio, loa di \u0111\u1ed9ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c module r\u1eddi trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b><\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/b><\/h3>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \u00e2m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn loa ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng, diode b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c IC chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e9o \u00e2m, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0i linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd, th\u00eam m\u1ea1ch h\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp, l\u1ecdc t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h3>\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <\/span>m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p. \u00c2m thanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean… s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua micro. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m g\u1ed1c. Sau khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00e2m thanh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-3\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1eeba thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd \u0111i qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i dung ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 transistor, op-amp, IC khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u can nhi\u1ec5u, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e9o ti\u1ebfng. M\u1ed7i k\u00eanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh. Khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh. M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 micro, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e2m thanh. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy hao hay m\u00e9o d\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-4\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n \u00e2m thanh. M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ADC (Analog to Digital Converter). Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u01a1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00f2i phun hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh \u1edf m\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. M\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n loa, tai nghe ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. T\u00f9y theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u00e0i miliwatt \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng kilowatt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e2m t\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p (tr\u00ean 20Hz), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a loa nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b><\/h2>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, USB, \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t DVD, micro ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00e1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn amply ho\u1eb7c loa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong chu\u1ed7i x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ed9i dung hay ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh g\u1ed1c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 nghe \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp hay r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-5\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u00e2m thanh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 loa k\u00e9o, loa Bluetooth, tivi th\u00f4ng minh hay c\u00e1c d\u00e0n \u00e2m thanh mini.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t thanh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, thu \u00e2m ph\u00f2ng thu hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u00e2m thanh trung th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng thu, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n hay d\u00e0n \u00e2m thanh t\u1ea1i gia. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 loa, micro, tai nghe \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00e9o hay gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m thanh xe h\u01a1i hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-6\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1ee3 th\u00ednh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh nh\u1ecf, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nghe r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u00e2m thanh, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cao h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Lee De Forest \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t minh triode \u2013 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m ba \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng electron t\u1eeb d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m thu. Triode ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u00fap khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u y\u1ebfu, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thanh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"mach-khuech-dai-am-thanh-7\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh AM, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi nghe. Nh\u1edd triode, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u1ed9 trung th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m thanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f9 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, m\u00e1y khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb \u00e2m thanh gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, <\/span>m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m thanh<\/b> \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. T\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap \u00e2m thanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nghe phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/b><\/p>\n