{"id":395955,"date":"2024-10-14T06:43:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T23:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=395955"},"modified":"2024-10-14T06:43:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T23:43:01","slug":"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a0Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00f4ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi, li\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u qua n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y!<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b><\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eddi gian b\u1eafn c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 ENIAC.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ENIAC ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Charles Babbage – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2013 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho lo\u1ea1t ph\u00e1t minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc sau n\u00e0y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Babbage, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Alan Turing c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y Turing. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1ec1 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra \u0111\u1eddi – K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/b><\/h2>\n

V\u1eady, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e9!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ENIAC<\/b><\/h3>\n

Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean ENIAC (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 t\u00e0i ba l\u00e0 John W. Mauchly v\u00e0 J. Presper Eckert t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania. N\u0103m 1945, ENIAC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 1946.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, ENIAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ENIAC l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ENIAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ENIAC<\/b><\/h3>\n

ENIAC l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, n\u1eb7ng t\u1edbi 30 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u1edbn. M\u00e1y d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 30 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 cao 2,4 m\u00e9t, b\u00ean trong ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn linh ki\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m 18.000 \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, 70.000 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 10.000 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u00e2y c\u00e1p ch\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecbt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-3\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ENIAC ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngang ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 nh\u1ecf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng ENIAC v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t minh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadt v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n, chia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u00ean trong.<\/span><\/p>\n

ENIAC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Li\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ENIAC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n, chia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u0103n b\u1eadc hai, lu\u1ef9 th\u1eeba\u2026 V\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5.000 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, ENIAC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-4\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ra m\u1eaft, ENIAC ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1n, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eafn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ho\u00e1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II. Ngo\u00e0i ra, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Manhattan \u2013 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ENIAC l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng qua b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-5\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. V\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn 18.000 \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ENIAC r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady, ENIAC c\u00f2n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, khi\u1ebfn chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc sau s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/b><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ENIAC \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp theo. Sau ENIAC, ta c\u00f3 UNIVAC – m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-6\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ec1 vi m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo m\u1ed9t “si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” ngay trong t\u00fai \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay<\/b><\/h2>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec3m qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – ENIAC t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e0n – Desktop<\/b><\/h3>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e0n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1\u2026 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, nh\u00e0 \u1edf\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-7\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay – Laptop<\/b><\/h3>\n

Laptop l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean di chuy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng laptop cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, pin tr\u00e2u c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y b\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-8\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng – Tablet<\/b><\/h3>\n

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 g\u1ea5p ng\u00e0n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng mang theo v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, duy\u1ec7t web, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c ghi ch\u00fa. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u00fat c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 v\u1ebd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-9\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh – Smartphone<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201csi\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u201d thu nh\u1ecf, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp internet, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1eefu \u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e0n\/laptop c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-10\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn: Vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/b><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ENIAC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, ENIAC \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"may-tinh-dien-tu-dau-tien-11\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

ENIAC \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, laptop v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ENIAC c\u0169ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn, gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ENIAC ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf tr\u00ean s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/span><\/p>\n