{"id":382242,"date":"2024-08-29T08:40:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T01:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=382242"},"modified":"2024-08-29T08:40:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-29T01:40:44","slug":"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 <\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b> v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. V\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 Byzantine l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Byzantine.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Byzantine (Byzantine Fault Tolerance – BFT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phi t\u1eadp trung nh\u01b0 blockchain. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng Byzantine” (Byzantine Generals Problem), m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng Byzantine \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng nhau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Byzantine l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bao g\u1ed3m m\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i Byzantine.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng blockchain l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b><\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Byzantine l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o nhau. Trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, c\u00e1c n\u00fat (nodes) ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean blockchain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trung th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Byzantine<\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Byzantine nh\u01b0 PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine. Nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat trung th\u1ef1c trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong<\/span> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b>. Trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c n\u00fat c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i \u0111a 1\/3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 n\u00fat b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/b><\/h3>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 blockchain, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i (block) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-3\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/b><\/h3>\n

Trong khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b><\/h2>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Byzantine Fault Tolerance l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin. Khi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch hay m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Byzantine Fault Tolerance ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n Lamport, Paxos, Raft v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-4\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 gian l\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a BFT l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho c\u00e1c n\u00fat. M\u1ed7i n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00fat n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chung. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 BFT cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00fat ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c BFT th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c n\u00fat ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, N\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y trong khi v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-5\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

An ninh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng<\/b><\/h3>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BFT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu trong giao th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/h3>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b>. Khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00fat trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. D\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 blockchain c\u00f4ng khai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c BFT \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-6\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/b><\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c BFT th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u00fat. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cao ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n blockchain s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Byzantine Fault Tolerance<\/b><\/h2>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Byzantine Fault Tolerance <\/span>(h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine)<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng blockchain an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 phi t\u1eadp trung. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n blockchain hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-7\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Stellar ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thanh to\u00e1n. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p giao d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n nhanh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ee9c r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t. Theo \u0111\u00f3, Stellar s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c mang t\u00ean l\u00e0 Stellar Consensus Protocol. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Stellar x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hay ch\u01b0a, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Ripple c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Byzantine Fault Tolerance \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Chi ti\u1ebft th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao th\u1ee9c Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng giao th\u1ee9c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Byzantine Fault Tolerance. C\u00e1c node c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 giao d\u1ecbch chung.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Blockchain kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan t\u00e2m<\/b><\/h2>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 <\/span>h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i Byzantine<\/b>, Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn Blockchain kh\u00e1c nh\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proof of Work (PoW)<\/b><\/h3>\n

Proof of Work (PoW) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u blockchain, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Bitcoin. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Satoshi Nakamoto trong whitepaper c\u1ee7a Bitcoin, PoW y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” (miners) gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi trong chu\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i (blockchain). B\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-8\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

PoW \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean blockchain tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n x\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1n 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Bitcoin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proof of Stake (PoS)<\/b><\/h3>\n

Proof of Stake (PoS) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho Proof of Work (PoW). N\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi PoW, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c “th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e0o” ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n m\u1eadt m\u00e3. PoS ch\u1ecdn ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c (validator) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng token m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ecdc (stake). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u token h\u01a1n c\u00f3 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"he-thong-chiu-loi-byzantine-9\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

PoS mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, PoS gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi PoW. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho PoS tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/b><\/h2>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i Byzantine (Byzantine Fault Tolerance – BFT)<\/b> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cao.\u00a0 M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n BFT \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Gi\u00fap ch\u00fang tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/b><\/p>\n