{"id":382176,"date":"2024-09-04T21:34:27","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T14:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=382176"},"modified":"2024-09-04T21:34:27","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T14:34:27","slug":"ppi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ppi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Producer Price Index) – PPI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t leo thang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (Producer Price Index – PPI) v\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (Consumer Price Index – CPI). V\u1eady <\/span>PPI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3i chung theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t – PPI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/b><\/h2>\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (CPI) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Th\u00ec, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (PPI) l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua v\u00e0 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPI l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 do C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (BLS) \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian trong gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, PPI theo d\u00f5i l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"V\u1eady<\/picture><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPI c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 CPI, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 t\u0103ng theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Trong khi CPI xem x\u00e9t gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, PPI l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 thu\u1ebf b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra PPI l\u00e0 g\u00ec nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch theo d\u00f5i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh<\/b><\/h3>\n

PPI bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed7i danh m\u1ee5c h\u01a1n 500 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Ph\u00e2n<\/picture><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00f3m s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o PPI c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 3.800 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 900 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng – Nhu c\u1ea7u trung gian<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u trung gian \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i PPI chung, kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 PPI ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, bao g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 khai kho\u00e1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, kho b\u00e3i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo m\u00f9a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p ng\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – nhu c\u1ea7u trung gian. <\/span>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o PPI c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 600 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 FD-ID. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhu c\u1ea7u trung gian, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 PPI ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh PPI cho nhu c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Nhu<\/picture><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPI l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

C\u00f3 ba bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 PPI d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau: H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00f4, h\u00e0ng trung gian v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n