{"id":368064,"date":"2024-08-31T22:17:49","date_gmt":"2024-08-31T15:17:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=368064"},"modified":"2025-10-16T00:05:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T17:05:04","slug":"ic-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/ic-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay t\u1eebng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft IC. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh,… Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a IC trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i IC.<\/strong><\/p>\n

IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

IC l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Integrated Circuit”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 chip hay m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n linh ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. IC ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, diode, transistor, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. IC c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

\"IC-la-gi\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, Tivi hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. IC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c IC nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a IC<\/h2>\n

IC c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1947 b\u1edfi 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Shockley, Brattain v\u00e0 Bardeen. Linh ki\u1ec7n transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh b\u1edfi 3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1958, khi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Jack Kilby l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Texas Instruments ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng germanium v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 transistor, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Robert Noyce, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Fairchild Semiconductor \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng silicon. Noyce \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quang kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a 2 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u IC trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

\"IC-la-gi\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra IC l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. IC \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a IC<\/h2>\n

Sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c IC, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u00e9. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n