{"id":313440,"date":"2024-02-04T16:43:30","date_gmt":"2024-02-04T09:43:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=313440"},"modified":"2024-02-04T16:44:02","modified_gmt":"2024-02-04T09:44:02","slug":"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/mang-cuc-bo-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngay m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 LAN l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m “M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9” \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh: “M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 Mobile t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t t\u1ea7n t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Local area network – LAN), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf (nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ri\u00eang, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc,\u2026). Trong m\u1ea1ng LAN, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi nhau, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb file, m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y scan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (server), c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i (Repeater, Hub, Switch, Bridge), m\u00e1y t\u00ednh con (client), card m\u1ea1ng (Network Interface Card \u2013 NIC) v\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u00e1p (cable) \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh MS-DOS, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea1ng LAN th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Novell NetWare, nh\u01b0ng sau khi Windows NT v\u00e0 Windows for Workgroups ra m\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Windows, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 1 Gbps.<\/p>\n

\"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi-1\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a LAN l\u00e0 WAN (Wide Area Network), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN v\u1edbi nhau (th\u00f4ng qua router). Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam WLAN (Wireless LAN) \u2013 m\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

M\u1ea1ng LAN xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i: t\u1eeb v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f4ng ty, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp Internet. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y scan v\u00e0 m\u00e1y fax.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n \u00edch, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft N\u1ed1i Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 router v\u00e0 switch, m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

\"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi-2\"<\/p>\n

Chia S\u1ebb D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tin, \u1ea3nh, video,… t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 k\u00edch c\u1ee1\/ dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n L\u00fd T\u00e0i Nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n

M\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y in, scanner, v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua Wifi (M\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y)<\/h3>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Wifi trong m\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng. Wifi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00e2y n\u1ed1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi-3\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 laptop, smartphone v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua d\u00e2y c\u00e1p (M\u1ea1ng LAN n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y)<\/h3>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Wifi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1p Ethernet \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng LAN v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i qua d\u00e2y c\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (router) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch (switch), n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh con \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

\"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi-4\"<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao th\u1ee9c Internet (IP), gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua Token Ring<\/h3>\n

Token Ring l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng do IBM ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 1990. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Token Ring d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t “token” – m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t – \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng Token Ring s\u1ebd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i “token” \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “token”, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n “token” ti\u1ebfp cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp theo trong v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

\"mang-cuc-bo-la-gi-5\"<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o c\u00f9ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c va ch\u1ea1m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay Token Ring kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

M\u1ea1ng LAN bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh sau:<\/p>\n