{"id":300977,"date":"2023-12-30T15:18:55","date_gmt":"2023-12-30T08:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=300977"},"modified":"2023-12-30T15:18:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-30T08:18:57","slug":"gia-toc-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/gia-toc-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd li\u00ean quan. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c theo m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu h\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng. Gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. Trong h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf SI, gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\/s2 (m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n

Sau khi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00fd, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u00ean v\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n khi t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h3>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: a=\u0394v\u200b\/\u0394t<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3: a l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y b\u00ecnh (m\/s2); \u0394v l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (m\/s); \u0394t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean th\u1eddi gian, b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y (s). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gia t\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ma s\u00e1t hay l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c: a = (v – u) \/ t<\/strong>. Trong \u0111\u00f3: a l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c; v l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; u l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u; t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-4\"<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gia t\u1ed1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u khi bi\u1ebft hai trong s\u1ed1 ba \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gia t\u1ed1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t l\u00e0 a=dv\/dt<\/strong>. Trong \u0111\u00f3: a l\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y b\u00ecnh (m\/s2); v l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean gi\u00e2y (m\/s); t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y (s).<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-5\"<\/a><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ta t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh gia t\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i gia t\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gia t\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gia t\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c trung b\u00ecnh: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh cong, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, chi\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5m c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Gia t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn c\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-6\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh cong, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n khi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh cong, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n gia t\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng: L\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Gia t\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed1c trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c, theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Newton, l\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gia t\u1ed1c (F=ma). Gia t\u1ed1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (W=Fs), n\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-7\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng, quang h\u1ecdc, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5,\u2026 Gia t\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e9m xi\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00f3ng,\u2026 Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, robot, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c,… M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, robot, xe h\u01a1i, m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y. Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf gi\u00fap \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-8\"<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i: N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay b\u1ecb r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t khi \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb va \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o va ch\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a xe h\u01a1i: Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong xe h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed1c khi xe b\u1ecb va ch\u1ea1m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t t\u00fai kh\u00ed, \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o, c\u00f2i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Trong sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt: T\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 chim, c\u00e1, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng,… Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi di chuy\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-9\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111eo th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u00f2ng \u0111eo tay,… \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng calo ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, nh\u1ecbp tim, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi,… \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng:\u00a0 Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1eaft khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, hoa m\u1eaft, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng,… \u0110i\u1ec1u\u00a0 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian<\/h3>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian. Gia t\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn gia t\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh cho m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. Gia t\u1ed1c k\u1ebf gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n bay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS hay c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\"gia-toc-la-gi-10\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ean l\u1eeda hay tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a phi h\u00e0nh gia khi \u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Gia t\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed9 rung trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c quay nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y bay, tuabin gi\u00f3 hay qu\u1ea1t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gia t\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gia t\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 gia t\u1ed1c, mong r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam:<\/p>\n