{"id":297768,"date":"2023-12-27T17:00:09","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T10:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=297768"},"modified":"2023-12-27T17:00:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T10:00:09","slug":"so-thap-phan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/so-thap-phan\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n <\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n
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Ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 10 (nh\u01b0 10, 100, 1000,…). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1\/10 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng 0.1, ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 3\/100 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng 0.03. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 10, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 1\/3, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-7\"<\/picture><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/section>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1eefng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan. Trong nh\u00f3m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n, chia, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 1: \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n

a) 25\/10<\/p>\n

b) 75\/100<\/p>\n

c) 6\/10<\/p>\n

d) 125\/1000<\/p>\n

e) 3\/100<\/p>\n

f) 23\/10<\/p>\n

g) 45\/1000<\/p>\n

h) 33\/10<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-9\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 25\/10 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/p>\n

b) 75\/100 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m”<\/p>\n

c) 6\/10 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/p>\n

d) 125\/1000 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn”<\/p>\n

e) 3\/100 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “ba ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m”<\/p>\n

f) 23\/10 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/p>\n

g) 45\/1000 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn”<\/p>\n

h) 33\/10 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 “ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi”<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 2: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1:<\/p>\n

a) 0.4<\/p>\n

b) 0.9<\/p>\n

c) 0.125<\/p>\n

d) 0.75<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

a) 0.4 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 4\/10<\/p>\n

b) 0.9 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 9\/10<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 125\/1000<\/p>\n

d) 0.75 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 75\/100<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n

a) Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m<\/p>\n

b) N\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn<\/p>\n

c) B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn<\/p>\n

d) T\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m: 32\/100<\/p>\n

b) N\u0103m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn: 5\/1000<\/p>\n

c) B\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i hai ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn: 72\/10000<\/p>\n

d) T\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi: 8\/10<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 3: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp:<\/strong> Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 sau th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n:<\/p>\n

a) 3\/5<\/p>\n

b) 1\/2<\/p>\n

c) 7\/8<\/p>\n

d) 2\/3<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-4\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 3\/5 = 0.6 = 6\/10<\/p>\n

b) 1\/2 = 0.5 = 5\/10<\/p>\n

c) 7\/8 = 0.875 = 875\/1000<\/p>\n

d) 2\/3 = 0.66666 (ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n th\u00e0nh 0.67) = 67\/100<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 4:\u00a0So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp:<\/strong> So s\u00e1nh hai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n

a) 0.25 v\u00e0 0.3<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 v\u00e0 0.75<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 v\u00e0 0.15<\/p>\n

d) 0.5 v\u00e0 0.5<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-8\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 0.25 v\u00e0 0.3<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25\/100 v\u00e0 30\/100. So s\u00e1nh t\u1eed s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25 < 30<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 0.25 < 0.3<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 v\u00e0 0.75<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 80\/100 v\u00e0 75\/100. So s\u00e1nh t\u1eed s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 80 > 75<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 0.8 > 0.75<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 v\u00e0 0.15<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 125\/1000 v\u00e0 150\/1000. So s\u00e1nh t\u1eed s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 125 < 150<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 0.125 < 0.15<\/p>\n

d) 0.5 v\u00e0 0.5<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5\/10 v\u00e0 5\/10. So s\u00e1nh t\u1eed s\u1ed1 ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 = 5<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: 0.5 = 0.5<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 5: Ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1: T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 0.25 + 0.4<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 + 0.35<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 + 0.05<\/p>\n

d) 0.6 + 0.75<\/p>\n

e) 0.1 + 0.2<\/p>\n

f) 0.35 + 0.45<\/p>\n

g) 0.6 + 0.15<\/p>\n

h) 0.9 + 0.05<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean c\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n\u00a0\u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 0.25 + 0.4 = 0.65<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 + 0.35 = 1.15<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 + 0.05 = 0.175<\/p>\n

d) 0.6 + 0.75 = 1.35<\/p>\n

e) 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.3<\/p>\n

f) 0.35 + 0.45 = 0.8<\/p>\n

g) 0.6 + 0.15 = 0.75<\/p>\n

h) 0.9 + 0.05 = 0.95<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-11\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2:<\/strong> T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n

a) 0.6 – 0.25<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 – 0.35<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 – 0.05<\/p>\n

d) 0.9 – 0.75<\/p>\n

e) 0.4 – 0.2<\/p>\n

f) 0.35 – 0.15<\/p>\n

g) 0.6 – 0.3<\/p>\n

h) 0.9 – 0.05<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p c\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n tr\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a) 0.6 – 0.25 = 0.35<\/p>\n

b) 0.8 – 0.35 = 0.45<\/p>\n

c) 0.125 – 0.05 = 0.075<\/p>\n

d) 0.9 – 0.75 = 0.15<\/p>\n

e) 0.4 – 0.2 = 0.2<\/p>\n

f) 0.35 – 0.15 = 0.2<\/p>\n

g) 0.6 – 0.3 = 0.3<\/p>\n

h) 0.9 – 0.05 = 0.85<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 6: Ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n hai s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> Sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hai s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ta nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i qua tr\u00e1i. Khi nh\u00e2n, ta h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00edch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u1eeba s\u1ed1. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai th\u1eeba s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i qua tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-18\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n hai s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> 3,4 x 1,2<\/p>\n

3,4<\/p>\n

x<\/p>\n

1,2<\/p>\n

—-<\/p>\n

68<\/p>\n

+<\/p>\n

34<\/p>\n

—-<\/p>\n

4,08<\/p>\n

V\u1eady: 3,4 x 1,2 = 4,08<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-15\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi 0,1; 0,01; 0,001; 0,0001<\/h4>\n

Khi nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 sau g\u1ed3m 0,1; 0,01; 0,001; 0,0001;… ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 sau d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ta d\u1ecbch d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean tr\u00e1i m\u1ed9t, hai, ba, b\u1ed1n,… ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1<\/strong>, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n 2,345 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 0,01, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 0,01 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 2,345 sang b\u00ean tr\u00e1i hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 0,02345.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2<\/strong>, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n 7,89 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 0,001, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 0,001 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean tr\u00e1i ba ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 0,00789.<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-17\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 0,1; 0,01; 0,001; 0,0001;… gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Khi mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 quy t\u1eafc nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ta nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ghi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p nh\u00e2n, ta xem x\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 trong t\u00edch, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i sang tr\u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> 3,18 x 4<\/p>\n

3,18<\/p>\n

x<\/p>\n

4<\/p>\n

——<\/p>\n

12,72<\/p>\n

V\u1eady: 3,18 x 4 = 12,72<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-16\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi 10, 100, 1000,…<\/h4>\n

Khi mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 10, 100, 1000,… ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, hai, ba, … ch\u1eef s\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ti\u1ebfp theo, ta s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n 2,345 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 10, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 10 c\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 0. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi 10, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 23,45.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n 7,89 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n n\u00f3 v\u1edbi 100, ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 100 c\u00f3 hai s\u1ed1 0. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ta s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i hai ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 789.<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-14\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n v\u1edbi 10, 100, 1000,… m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

D\u1ea1ng 7: Ph\u00e9p chia c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

Chia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/h4>\n

C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/strong> Khi mu\u1ed1n chia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy t\u1eafc sau:<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Ta xem x\u00e9t s\u1ed1 chia v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 trong ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 chia, ta s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb chia sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb chia.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> Sau khi b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb chia, ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p chia gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 khi chia s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p chia v\u00e0 ghi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 13,11 : 2,3<\/p>\n

\"so-thap-phan-la-gi-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n