{"id":268197,"date":"2023-10-10T16:30:24","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T09:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=268197"},"modified":"2026-02-05T15:08:02","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T08:08:02","slug":"20-10-la-ngay-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/20-10-la-ngay-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"20\/10 L\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y G\u00ec? Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c \u00dd Ngh\u0129a Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1ee5 N\u1eef VN"},"content":{"rendered":"

20\/10 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec? 20\/10 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1930, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ra \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y 20\/10<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y 20\/10, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn suy t\u00e0n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng k\u00e9p: \u00e1p b\u1ee9c giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 5% v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o “tam t\u00f2ng t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c” r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ed9i tr\u1ee3, trong khi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 90% th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\"ngay-20-thang-10-la-ngay-gi-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng (n\u0103m 40 SCN), B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u (n\u0103m 248) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady phong tr\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng (1885-1896), \u0110\u00f4ng Du (1905-1909) do Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c (1907) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 n\u1eef y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Xu\u00e2n N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00ean phong nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Minh Khai (1910-1941), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Th\u1ecb B\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1929, thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia.<\/p>\n

C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c then ch\u1ed1t: Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 20\/10 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec, c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1930, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (sau l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam) ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m”.<\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 “n\u1eeda tr\u1eddi” c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1ec9 8 th\u00e1ng sau, ng\u00e0y 20\/10\/1930, t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi 80 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u01a1n 20.000 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

\"ngay-20-thang-10-la-ngay-gi-3\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Theo s\u1eed li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1931 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf 15 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi 50.000 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y 20\/10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1931, v\u00e0 sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef C\u1ee9u qu\u1ed1c (1946), r\u1ed3i H\u1ed9i Li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1951). Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 20\/10 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u00ec sao ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u 94 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 15 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0y Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam 20\/10<\/h2>\n

T\u00f4n vinh ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t “Anh h\u00f9ng – B\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t – Trung h\u1eadu – \u0110\u1ea3m \u0111ang”<\/h3>\n

Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng t\u00e1m ch\u1eef v\u00e0ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. Trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p (1945-1954), ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia 1,5 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t, chi\u1ebfm 55% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 “Ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang”: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5. Trong ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 (1954-1975), h\u01a1n 1,8 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia, v\u1edbi 142 B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1eb7ng. Th\u1eddi b\u00ecnh, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 48% l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 2023), 27% Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a XV (2021-2026), v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u doanh nh\u00e2n n\u1eef ASEAN v\u1edbi 25% startup do ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp (World Bank 2022).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y 20\/10 l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb v\u1ec1 “u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edb ngu\u1ed3n”, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (20% ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, theo B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 2023).<\/p>\n

Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h3>\n

Ng\u00e0y 20\/10 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1edbi 2021-2030, nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef l\u00ean 60%. N\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quota gi\u1edbi (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 VinGroup c\u00f3 35% l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eef), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o nh\u01b0 “Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac” v\u1edbi 90% h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean tham gia (H\u1ed9i LHPN 2023). So s\u00e1nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 72\/146 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng Gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (WEF 2023), cao h\u01a1n Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Indonesia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/th>\nS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nTh\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/th>\nNh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1930<\/td>\nPhong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u00f4ng Du, \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n90% ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n tay; 5% bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef<\/td>\nKh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Minh Khai, Xu\u00e2n N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3\/2\/1930<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp<\/td>\nC\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh “nam n\u1eef b\u00ecnh quy\u1ec1n”<\/td>\nN\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef<\/td>\nNguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20\/10\/1930<\/td>\nTh\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf<\/td>\n80 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, 20.000 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean<\/td>\nT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/td>\nHo\u00e0ng Th\u1ecb \u00c1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1945-1975<\/td>\nKh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, “Ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang”<\/td>\n1,5 tri\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tham gia; 142 B\u00e0 m\u1eb9 Anh h\u00f9ng<\/td>\nH\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn<\/td>\nNguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Chi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986-nay<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp<\/td>\n48% lao \u0111\u1ed9ng; 27% Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i n\u1eef<\/td>\nL\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf-x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/td>\nPh\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb Thanh Tr\u00e0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/section>\n
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Tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp l\u1eddi ch\u00fac 20\/10 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

L\u1eddi ch\u00fac cho M\u1eb9: Th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc<\/h3>\n

Khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u 20\/10 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1eb9. L\u1eddi ch\u00fac d\u00e0nh cho m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hy sinh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n