{"id":256210,"date":"2023-09-11T21:17:03","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T14:17:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/?p=256210"},"modified":"2023-09-11T21:17:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-11T14:17:03","slug":"lich-su-may-tinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoanghamobile.com\/tin-tuc\/lich-su-may-tinh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 quan tr\u1ecdng cho nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 1800 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1930: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u01a1 khai<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t g\u1ed7 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebb g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t g\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1822, Charles Babbage – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-1\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1890, Herman Hollerith l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1880. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong ch\u1ec9 3 n\u0103m. So v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t 7 n\u0103m n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng tay. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 t\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n IBM hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n

Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1936, nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Alan Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng. Sau n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e1y Turing, m\u00e1y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1937, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Iowa l\u00e0 \u00f4ng J.V. Atanasoff \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c hay d\u00e2y \u0111ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-2\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1940: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u201ckh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1941, J.V. Atanasoff v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Clifford Berry \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1edbi 29 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. C\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1943 – 1944, hai gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania l\u00e0 J. Presper Eckert v\u00e0 John Mauchly \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ENIAC. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean” c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-3\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

ENIAC l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf to l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 6x12m. Bao g\u1ed3m 40 t\u1ee7 cao 2,4m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 18,000 \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 5.000 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh trong m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1946, J. Presper Eckert v\u00e0 John Mauchly \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb C\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng UNIVAC. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong kinh doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1947, John Bardeen, William Shockley v\u00e0 Walter Brattain t\u1ea1i Bell Laboratories \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eafn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc – k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1953, Grace Hopper t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 COBOL. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, Thomas Johnson Watson Jr. l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh IBM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n IBM 701 EDPM \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-4\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1954, IBM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh FORTRAN d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a John Backus. C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n SAGE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u radar theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1958, Robert Noyce v\u00e0 Jack Kilby \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t minh m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vi m\u1ea1ch (chip) m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p n\u00e0y, Jack Kilby \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1960, h\u00e3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Nippon (NEC) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh NEAC 2203. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u quan tr\u1ecdng khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc,…<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1964, Douglas Engelbart ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda (GUI). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng khi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-5\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1964, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh – Seymour Cray \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh CDC 6600. \u0110\u00e2y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1969.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1965, C\u00f4ng ty Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (DEC) \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 DEC PDP-8. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 16,000 USD. Gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m IBM System\/360 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n USD \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1970, C\u00f4ng ty Intel m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 chip Dynamic Access Memory (DRAM) v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Intel 1103.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1971, Alan Shugart c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a IBM \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra “\u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. N\u0103m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kenbak-1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1973, Robert Metcalfe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Xerox \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ethernet \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1974 \u0111\u1ebfn 1977, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Bao g\u1ed3m IBM 5100, TRS-80 v\u00e0 Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair. N\u0103m 1975, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Popular Electronics s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Altair 8080 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mini \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-6\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Hai chuy\u00ean gia m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 Bill Gates v\u00e0 Paul Allen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho Altair v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef BASIC m\u1edbi. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 4\/4\/1975, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Microsoft.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1976, Steve Wozniak v\u00e0 Steve Jobs \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Apple I. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t bo m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ee7. C\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1976, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh Cray-1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Cray-1 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft (kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 tri\u1ec7u USD). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh – Seymour Cray thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1977, Radio Shack \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 3.000 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh TRS-80 v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1y. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh TRS-80 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1977, Steve Jobs v\u00e0 Steve Wozniak \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ty Apple v\u00e0 ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Apple II. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u1ed5 cassette \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1978, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh – VisiCalc \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1979, vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi MicroPro International ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n – Wordstar.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980: Macintosh c\u1ee7a Apple ra m\u1eaft<\/h2>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan t\u00e2m. N\u0103m 1981, IBM gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Acorn”. M\u00e1y n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh MS-DOS c\u1ee7a Microsoft. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb chip Intel v\u1edbi hai \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e0u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sears & Roebuck v\u00e0 Computerland \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-7\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a l\u00e0 Osborne 1. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eb7ng 10,8kg v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi 2.000 USD. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1983, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (GUI) l\u00e0 Lisa v\u1edbi menu th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh Macintosh. Gavilan SC ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1985, Microsoft c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Windows. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (GUI) c\u1ee7a Apple. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Commodore c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Amiga 1000 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 video ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1985, t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u201c.com\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 3. T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Internet tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a World Wide Web \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean internet.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1986, Compaq gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Deskpro 386 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac 32-bit. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh mainframe.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990: iMac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 1990, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Tim Berners-Lee t\u1ea1i CERN \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra World Wide Web (WWW). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1993 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ra m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 vi x\u1eed l\u00fd Pentium. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1994 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1a game nh\u01b0 Alone in the Dark 2, Command & Conquer, Theme Park, Descent, Magic Carpet, Little Big Adventure,… T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u01a1i game ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1996 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm Google \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford b\u1edfi Larry Page, Sergey Brin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-8\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1997, Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1nh tay \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 150 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0o Apple. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap h\u00e3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n gi\u1eefa Apple v\u00e0 Microsoft. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Apple c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 sao ch\u00e9p giao di\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1999, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Wifi” tr\u1edf n\u00ean quen thu\u1ed9c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00e2y c\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh sau n\u0103m 2000: M\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n

N\u0103m 2001, Apple \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Mac OS X \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a nhi\u1ec7m. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Microsoft c\u0169ng c\u1ea1nh tranh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ra m\u1eaft h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Windows XP. V\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2003, AMD \u0111\u00e3 tung ra b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd 64-bit \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – Athlon 64. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 2004, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web Firefox 1.0 c\u1ee7a Mozilla xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Internet Explorer c\u1ee7a Microsoft. C\u0169ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Facebook \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ra m\u1eaft.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2005, trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i chia s\u1ebb video YouTube xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Google l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh di \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Android, Linux. Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2006, Apple \u0111\u00e3 cho ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m MacBook Pro l\u00f5i k\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean chip Intel. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Nintendo c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ef1a game console Wii ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"lich-su-may-tinh-9\"<\/picture><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2009, Microsoft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Windows 7 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghim \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o thanh t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao kh\u00e1c. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, Apple \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m iPad. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2011, Google \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Chromebook – s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay ch\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Google Chrome OS. H\u01a1n 3 n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, Apple \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Apple Watch v\u00e0 Microsoft c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh Windows 10.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2016, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017 th\u00ec c\u01a1 quan DARPA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “Molecular Informatics” \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Anne Fischer l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng thu\u1ed9c DARPA \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh phong ph\u00fa m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin nhanh ch\u00f3ng”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n